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Serpae Tetra (Hyphessobrycon Eques)

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Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon Eques
Common Names: Serpae Tetra, Jewel Tetra, Callistus Tetra
Temperament: Semi-Aggressive
Care Level: Intermediate
Life Span: 3-5 years

Serpae Tetra (Hyphessobrycon Eques) in focus


Species Overview and Background:

  • The Serpae Tetra (Hyphessobrycon Eques) was first discovered in 1850 in South America, specifically in the Paraguay and Guaporé River basins. It is native to Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. The species distribution ranges from the Amazon River to the Rio de la Plata basin.
  • In their natural habitat, Serpae Tetras are found in slow-moving waters, including rivers, tributaries, and flooded forest areas. They inhabit heavily vegetated areas with leaf litter and submerged branches. They are known to form shoals and are commonly found alongside other members of the same species.
  • Serpae Tetras are omnivorous in nature, feeding on a variety of foods. In the wild, they primarily consume small insects, crustaceans, and plant matter.
  • Natural behaviour: Serpae Tetras are known to be semi-aggressive fish. They can display some territorial behaviour, especially during breeding or feeding. They prefer to live in shoals or groups, as this provides them with a sense of security. Larger groups also help to distribute aggression among individuals.
  • Serpae Tetras were introduced in the aquarium hobby in the early 20th century, and since then, they have become quite popular among hobbyists. Their vibrant colours and active behaviour contribute to their popularity.
  • They are commonly found in the aquarium hobby due to their availability and relatively easy-care requirements.
  • The ideal minimum group size for Serpae Tetras is six individuals, although larger groups are recommended for better social dynamics. A tank size of at least 75 litres (20 gallons) is suitable for a group of six Serpae Tetras.
  • Serpae Tetras are a naturally occurring species and not a crossbreed. The first individuals of this species appeared in the hobby as wild-caught specimens, and their breeding in captivity started thereafter.

General Water Parameters:

  • pH Range: 6.0-7.5
  • Temperature Range: 24-28°C (75-82°F)
  • GH Range: 5-12 dGH
  • KH Range: 2-8 dKH
  • TDS Range: 150-300 ppm

Colour & Appearance:

  • Serpae Tetras are known for their vibrant colours and striking patterns. They have a deep red body with a black mark on the caudal peduncle resembling a flame. The fins are generally translucent with a hint of red. Adult Serpae Tetras can reach a size of around 5 centimetres (2 inches).
  • There are no major variations in coloration within the species, although individuals may vary slightly in intensity and pattern.

Care and Requirements:

  • Serpae Tetras are moderately demanding in terms of care. While they are not considered delicate fish, they do require certain conditions to thrive.
  • They are generally hardy and can tolerate a range of water parameters within the recommended ranges.
  • Serpae Tetras are active during the day and spend their time swimming in the middle and lower areas of the aquarium. They appreciate having hiding spots, such as plants or driftwood, where they can retreat when they feel the need.

They are a schooling species, so they prefer living in groups of at least six individuals. Keeping them in smaller groups or alone can lead to increased stress and aggressive behaviour.

Diet:

  • Serpae Tetras are omnivorous and have a versatile diet. In captivity, they can be fed a combination of high-quality dry flakes or pellets, as well as live or frozen foods.
  • Their diet should consist of a variety of foods to ensure proper nutrition. This can include small live or frozen foods like brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia, and finely chopped or powdered flake or pellet foods.
  • It is also beneficial to provide them with occasional vegetable matter, such as blanched spinach or lettuce, to supplement their diet.

Ideal Tank Setup:

  • The ideal tank setup for Serpae Tetras should mimic their natural habitat. A well-planted aquarium with driftwood, rocks, and leaf litter can provide them with hiding places and create a natural environment.
  • They prefer a substrate of fine gravel or sand, as it resembles the riverbeds of their native habitat. The addition of floating plants or plants with broad leaves, like Amazon sword or Java fern, can offer shade and cover.
  • Water flow can be moderate to simulate their natural environment, but strong currents should be avoided.
  • It is recommended to maintain good water quality by performing regular water changes and using a reliable filtration system.

Compatible Tankmates:

  • Serpae Tetras can coexist with a variety of peaceful community fish species. However, caution should be exercised when selecting tankmates, as their semi-aggressive nature can lead to aggression towards smaller or slow-swimming fish.
  • Suitable tankmates include other peaceful tetra species like neon tetras, cardinal tetras, and ember tetras. Rasboras, dwarf gouramis, and peaceful bottom-dwelling fish like corydoras catfish, or small plecos can also be compatible.
  • Avoid keeping them with fin-nipping species, large aggressive fish, or slow-swimming fish that may become targets for aggression.

Sexing:

  • Male and female Serpae Tetras can be distinguished by their body shape and coloration. Males are typically slimmer and more brightly coloured, especially during breeding or displays of aggression.
  • Females tend to have a rounder belly and less intense coloration. The red coloration on their body may be slightly duller compared to males.

Breeding:

  • Breeding Serpae Tetras in captivity is possible with the right conditions. A separate breeding tank is recommended to provide optimal conditions and protect the eggs and fry from being eaten by other fish.
  • The water parameters in the breeding tank should be similar to their regular tank conditions. A temperature of around 26-28°C (79-82°F), slightly acidic to neutral pH, and soft to moderately hard water is suitable.
  • To encourage breeding behaviour, provide plenty of hiding places with fine-leaved plants like Java moss or spawning mops. The addition of a spawning substrate, such as a mesh or marbles, can also protect the eggs from being eaten.
  • The male will display courtship behaviour by chasing the female and displaying his vibrant colours. The female will lay adhesive eggs, which the male will fertilize. After spawning, the adults should be removed from the breeding tank to prevent them from eating the eggs.
  • The eggs will hatch in about 24-48 hours, and the fry can be fed with infusoria or commercially available fry food until they are large enough to consume newly hatched brine shrimp or microworms.
  • Maintaining good water quality and providing appropriate nutrition are crucial for the successful breeding and raising of Serpae Tetra fry.

Before introducing Serpae Tetras to a new aquarium:

It is important to properly acclimate them to their new environment to minimize stress. This can be done by floating the sealed bag in the aquarium for about 15-20 minutes to equalize the water temperature. Then, gradually add small amounts of the aquarium water to the bag every few minutes to allow the fish to adjust to the new water parameters.

  • Once acclimated, carefully release the Serpae Tetras into the aquarium, ensuring that the water conditions are suitable and compatible with the existing tank inhabitants.
  • Monitor the fish closely during the initial days to ensure they are adapting well to their new environment. Watch for signs of stress, aggression, or any health issues.
  • Maintain a regular feeding schedule and perform routine water tests and changes to maintain optimal water quality.
  • It is also recommended to quarantine new fish before introducing them to an established community tank to prevent the spread of potential diseases or parasites.

In conclusion, Serpae Tetras (Hyphessobrycon eques) are a popular and vibrant species in the aquarium hobby. With their striking colours and active behaviour, they can add a lively touch to a community aquarium. By providing them with appropriate care, suitable tankmates, and a well-maintained environment that resembles their natural habitat, you can enjoy the beauty and charm of these fish. Remember to maintain good water quality, provide a varied diet, and consider their semi-aggressive nature when selecting tankmates. With proper care, you can create a thriving and harmonious aquarium that showcases the beauty of the Serpae Tetra.