Home > Library > Species Spotlight > Aquatic > Freshwater Aquarium > Freshwater Fish > Cichlid Family > Convict Cichlid (Amatitlania Nigrofasciata)
Scientific Name: Amatitlania Nigrofasciata
Common Names: Convict Cichlid
Temperament: Semi-Aggressive
Care Level: Easy
Life Span: 8 - 10 years
Species Overview and Background:
The Amatitlania Nigrofasciata, commonly known as the Convict Cichlid, is a fascinating freshwater fish species that has captivated aquarium enthusiasts for decades. First discovered in Central America, specifically in the region spanning from Costa Rica to Honduras, these cichlids have a rich history in the aquarium hobby. The species was officially described in 1867 by Albert Günther, a German-born British ichthyologist, under the name Heros nigrofasciatus.
The Convict Cichlid is not a result of hybridization; it is a distinct species with its own unique characteristics. This species gained attention due to its easy maintenance, captivating behaviour, and distinctive black and white stripes, which resemble a prisoner's uniform, hence its common name "Convict Cichlid." They were introduced into the aquarium hobby fairly early, becoming popular in the 20th century. Their resilient nature and intriguing breeding behaviours have contributed to their fame among hobbyists.
These cichlids are indeed quite common in the hobby, owing to their adaptability, hardiness, and the ease with which they can be bred and raised in captivity. Their notoriety stems from their active demeanour, interesting social interactions, and ability to thrive in various tank setups, making them an ideal choice for beginners and experienced aquarists.
pH Range: 6.5 - 8.0
Temperature Range: 20°C - 30°C (68°F - 86°F)
GH Range: 8 - 15 dGH
KH Range: 5 - 10 dKH
TDS Range: 150 - 400 ppm
Colour & Appearance:
Convict Cichlids display a striking contrast of black and white stripes along their body, reminiscent of the stripes on a prisoner's uniform, hence their common name. These stripes are more pronounced in males. Females, on the other hand, have a similar striped pattern but with less intense colouring. Juvenile Convict Cichlids are smaller and exhibit a more intricate pattern than the adults. These fish have a streamlined body shape and, when well cared for, can develop vibrant colours and patterns.
Care and Requirements:
Convict Cichlids are known for their ease of care, making them suitable for aquarists of all experience levels. They are relatively undemanding and can adapt to a variety of tank conditions. This adaptability is one of the reasons why they have become so popular in the hobby. Their hardy nature allows them to tolerate minor fluctuations in water parameters and withstand less-than-ideal conditions. However, maintaining stable water parameters is still crucial for their overall well-being.
These cichlids are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. They spend significant time exploring their surroundings and interacting with tank mates. While they might stake out territories and exhibit some aggression, their behaviour is generally manageable in a properly designed tank.
Diet:
Convict Cichlids are omnivores with a hearty appetite. In the wild, they feed on a varied diet that includes small crustaceans, insects, plant matter, and detritus. In captivity, their diet should be well-balanced and include high-quality pellets, flakes, and granules formulated for cichlids. Supplementing their diet with live or frozen foods like brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia will provide essential nutrients and promote their natural behaviours. Additionally, Convict Cichlids are known to graze on biofilm and microorganisms present on surfaces within the aquarium. Providing them with a diverse diet that mimics their natural feeding habits will contribute to their overall health and vitality.
Tank Mates:
When considering tank mates for Convict Cichlids, it's important to choose species that can coexist with their semi-aggressive temperament. While they can be territorial and exhibit aggression, their compatibility with other fish depends on the tank size and layout. Ideally, they should be kept with fish of similar size and aggression level. Avoid pairing them with very docile or delicate species that may become targets for aggression.
Good tank mates can include other Central American cichlids, robust tetras, larger peaceful catfish, and similar-sized barbs. Always monitor the interactions among tank mates and be prepared to separate fish if aggression becomes excessive.
Sexing:
Sexing Convict Cichlids is relatively straightforward. Males are generally larger and more colourful than females. Males also exhibit longer and more pointed dorsal and anal fins. Females tend to be slightly smaller and have rounder fins. During breeding periods, females might display a more vibrant coloration, and their breeding tube, a small protrusion used for laying eggs, becomes more noticeable.
Breeding:
Convict Cichlids are renowned for their breeding behaviours, which can be both intriguing and challenging to witness. Breeding pairs form strong bonds and engage in cooperative parenting. They are known to clear a flat surface, often a rock or a piece of substrate, for egg laying. Both parents participate in guarding and caring for the eggs and fry. However, their dedication to protecting their offspring can sometimes lead to aggressive behaviour towards other tank mates.
To encourage successful breeding, provide suitable breeding sites, such as flat rocks or caves. Be prepared to provide appropriate hiding spots for other fish in the tank, as breeding pairs can become territorial and aggressive during this time.
Additional Considerations:
- Convict Cichlids might dig in the substrate, so provide appropriate substrate and decorations that won't collapse.
- Ensure proper filtration and regular water changes to maintain water quality.
- Maintain a well-balanced diet to promote optimal health and coloration.
- While they are hardy, avoid drastic changes in water parameters, as stability is essential.
- Provide ample hiding places to accommodate their territorial behaviours and allow other fish to seek refuge if needed.
- Monitor their interactions closely to prevent excessive aggression when keeping multiple Convict Cichlids.
- Breeding pairs can become more aggressive, so be cautious if keeping multiple pairs or other fish with them during breeding.
By understanding and meeting the needs of the Convict Cichlid, aquarists can enjoy the dynamic behaviours and unique personalities that these fish bring to their aquariums. Their captivating appearance, ease of care, and fascinating breeding behaviours make them a valuable addition to any aquatic community.