Home > Library > Species Spotlight > Aquatic > Freshwater Aquarium > Microorganisms > Freshwater Aquarium Bacteria
Species Overview and Background: The world of freshwater aquariums is not only inhabited by fish and plants but also by a myriad of microorganisms that play crucial roles in maintaining the ecosystem. Bacteria, a diverse and essential group of microorganisms, are particularly important for biological filtration and nutrient cycling in aquariums. While not traditionally considered "pets," these bacteria species are fundamental to the health and stability of aquarium ecosystems. Let's delve into the fascinating world of some prominent bacteria species found in freshwater aquariums.
Bacteria Species Overview:
- Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp.
- Scientific Name: Nitrosomonas sp. (Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) and Nitrobacter sp. (Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria)
- Common Names: Nitrifying bacteria
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Easy
- Origin: Widely distributed
- Found in Wild: Yes
- pH Range: 6.5 - 8.5
- Temperature Range: 20°C - 30°C
- GH Range: 3 - 10 dGH
- KH Range: 1 - 8 dKH
- TDS Range: 100 - 500 ppm
- Life Span: Indefinite
- Gestation Period: N/A
Color & Appearance: Nitrifying bacteria are microscopic and not visible to the naked eye. They form biofilms on surfaces in the aquarium, such as filter media and substrate.
Care and Requirements: Nitrifying bacteria are essential for the nitrogen cycle, converting toxic ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate. They play a vital role in maintaining water quality and preventing ammonia toxicity.
Diet: These bacteria feed on ammonia and nitrite. They do not have specific feeding behaviors and primarily consume the waste products of fish and other aquatic organisms.
Tank Mates: These bacteria are not affected by tank mates, as they are microscopic and play a passive role in the ecosystem.
Breeding: Nitrifying bacteria reproduce by binary fission, splitting into two daughter cells when they reach a certain size.
Additional Information: Nitrifying bacteria are introduced to aquariums through the nitrogen cycle. It's important to establish these bacteria before adding fish to ensure a stable and healthy environment. They are not sold or bred by hobbyists, but rather colonize naturally in aquariums.
- Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
- Scientific Name: Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
- Common Names: Beneficial bacteria
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Easy
- Origin: Widely distributed
- Found in Wild: Yes
- pH Range: 6.0 - 8.5
- Temperature Range: 20°C - 30°C
- GH Range: 3 - 15 dGH
- KH Range: 1 - 10 dKH
- TDS Range: 100 - 800 ppm
- Life Span: Indefinite
- Gestation Period: N/A
Color & Appearance: Like nitrifying bacteria, beneficial bacteria are also microscopic and form biofilms in the aquarium.
Care and Requirements: Beneficial bacteria help break down organic waste, reducing the levels of harmful compounds in the water. They contribute to overall water clarity and a healthy microbial balance.
Diet: These bacteria feed on organic matter and waste produced by fish and other inhabitants. They also play a role in breaking down uneaten food and debris.
Tank Mates: Beneficial bacteria coexist with other aquatic organisms and have no impact on tank mates.
Breeding: These bacteria reproduce through binary fission, similar to other bacteria species.
Additional Information: Beneficial bacteria are present in mature aquariums and are essential for maintaining water quality. They can be introduced through commercially available bacterial supplements.
- Denitrifying Bacteria (Genus: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, etc.)
- Scientific Name: Various genera including Pseudomonas and Bacillus
- Common Names: Denitrifying bacteria
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Easy
- Origin: Naturally present in aquatic environments
- Found in Wild: Yes
- pH Range: 6.5 - 8.5
- Temperature Range: 20°C - 30°C
- GH Range: 3 - 15 dGH
- KH Range: 1 - 10 dKH
- TDS Range: 100 - 800 ppm
- Life Span: Indefinite
- Gestation Period: N/A
Color & Appearance: These bacteria are also microscopic and are present in biofilms.
Care and Requirements: Denitrifying bacteria play a crucial role in converting nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2), completing the nitrogen cycle and reducing nitrate levels in the aquarium. This helps prevent nitrate buildup and maintain water quality.
Diet: Denitrifying bacteria consume nitrate (NO3-) as their energy source for the denitrification process.
Tank Mates: Denitrifying bacteria are passive and have no direct interaction with other tank mates.
Breeding: These bacteria reproduce through binary fission, similar to other bacteria species.
Additional Information: Maintaining a balance between nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria is important to manage nitrate levels in the aquarium. Providing adequate filtration, proper substrate, and avoiding overfeeding can support the growth of these bacteria.
- Heterotrophic Bacteria (Genus: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, etc.)
- Scientific Name: Various genera including Bacillus and Pseudomonas
- Common Names: Heterotrophic bacteria
- Temperament: Peaceful
- Care Level: Easy
- Origin: Ubiquitous in various environments
- Found in Wild: Yes
- pH Range: 6.0 - 8.5
- Temperature Range: 20°C - 30°C
- GH Range: 3 - 15 dGH
- KH Range: 1 - 10 dKH
- TDS Range: 100 - 800 ppm
- Life Span: Indefinite
- Gestation Period: N/A
Color & Appearance: Heterotrophic bacteria are also microscopic and form biofilms.
Care and Requirements: Heterotrophic bacteria are essential decomposers, breaking down organic matter including fish waste, uneaten food, and plant debris. They help prevent the accumulation of organic pollutants in the aquarium.
Diet: These bacteria feed on organic matter, consuming the carbon compounds present in organic waste.
Tank Mates: Heterotrophic bacteria are passive and have no direct interaction with other tank mates.
Breeding: Similar to other bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
Additional Information: Maintaining proper aquarium hygiene, avoiding overfeeding, and performing regular water changes can help support the growth of heterotrophic bacteria and prevent organic waste buildup.
Conclusion: While often overlooked due to their microscopic size, bacteria are indispensable to the health and stability of freshwater aquariums. Understanding the roles of nitrifying and beneficial bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and waste breakdown is crucial for successful aquarium keeping. By fostering the growth of these bacteria, aquarium enthusiasts can create and maintain a balanced and thriving aquatic ecosystem. Always remember that bacteria are living organisms, and providing them with a suitable environment and proper care is essential for the long-term success of your aquarium.
The diversity of bacteria in freshwater aquariums is vast, each with its unique role in maintaining water quality and the overall health of the ecosystem. Understanding the functions and requirements of nitrifying, beneficial, denitrifying, and heterotrophic bacteria is essential for creating a balanced and thriving aquarium environment. By fostering the growth of these bacteria and providing them with suitable conditions, aquarium enthusiasts can enjoy clean, clear water and promote the well-being of their aquatic inhabitants.